7 functions of the skin pdf

The third edition of the structure and function of skin by montagna and parakkal continues to fulfill the authors intentions of providing updated and current information on the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of various aspects of skin function. Understanding the physiology and function of skin will give useful insights into a. Skin microbes maintain barrier integrity in the steady state. There is an extra layer underlying the dermis called the subcutaneous layer, which is made up of fatty tissue that acts as a foundation for the dermis.

In direct contact with the outside environment, the skin helps to maintain four essential bodily functions. Structure and function of the skin wound care education. Outline a systematic approach to skin history and physical exam in patients. Protection skin protects underlying tissue from mechanical, chemical, and thermal injury 3. The structure and function of skin, third edition is devoted to all matters pertaining to the structure and function of the skin. Introduction the skin is a complex organ system that has many important functions. Skin performs a wide variety of functions resulting from chemical and physical reactions inside these components. How skin is nourished the blood supplies nutrients, molecules from food such as protein, carbohydrates, and fats, to the skin. Integumentary system the integumentary system includes.

Nutrients are required for cell life, repair, and growth. The skin of man is characterised by its nakedness and the great development of the sweatglands. The skin is the bodys largest organ and weighs between 3 and 10 kg 820 pounds. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin with.

Functional anatomy of the skin learning outcomes continued 5. It has three main layers, the epidermis, the dermis and the. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Vitamin d synthesis begins in skin exposed to uv light. Understanding the structure and function of the skin. The skin is the largest organ of the body, accounting for about 15% of the total adult body weight.

It performs many vital functions, including protection against external physical, chemical, and biologic assailants, as well as prevention of excess water loss from the body and a role in thermoregulation. In our everyday lives, the focus is on the outer appearance of our skin, but the skin does much more than look pretty. Vitamin d helps calcium absorption from intestines. Major organs and their functions skin also called the integumentary system, the skin is the bodys first line of defense white blood cells recognize disease agents antigens and create antibodies to tag and remove these antigens phagocytes are the white blood cell type that actually eats and destroys these antigens. Though nearly all human skin is covered with hair follicles, it can appear. Sensory functions of skin include receptors for heat, cold, touch, itch, pressure and pain thermoregulation by skin is accomplished through. The integumentary system is formed by the skin and. The skin is continuous, with the mucous membranes lining the bodys surface kanitakis, 2002. Functions of the skin the skin is multipurpose, meaning it has a lot of functions. Conclusion skin performs many beneficial functions but it does undergo changes and damage. The skin prevents excessive water loss from the aqueous interior, the ingress of foreign chemicals and microorganisms and provides strength and stiffness to resist mechanical loading. Protection one of the basic functions of the skin is protection. Chapter 7 the integumentary system palm beach state college. Beneath the dermis lies the hypodermis or subcutaneous fatty tissue.

The human skin is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system. The skin, in its own way, functions as a form of armorbody armor. Unlike the warm, nutrientrich intestinal tract, skin is cool, dessicates, and is. These various functions of skin are mediated by one or more of its major regionsthe epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis fig.

Sweat from the sudoriferous glands is slightly hypertonic and can flush off most bacteria on the skin surface. Rnases have evolved to have many extracellular functions in various organisms. Protects underlying tissues from injuries temperature regulation acts as water tight seal, keeping body fluid in sensory organ. Functions of the integumentary system protection against injury and infection regulates body temperature. The major function of skin is to act as a barrier to the exterior environment. Sebum or oil from the sebaceous glands is slightly acidic, retarding bacterial colonization on the skin surface. As collagen and elastin are associated with firmness and elasticity of the skin, the elasticity and resilience are lost. Drawing upon the accumulated data derived from embryology, histology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, this book presents an overview of skin, with emphasis on human skin. Hairya type of skin having hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Hair nails serves to protect the viscera internal organs and regulate temperature 11. The skin s primary function is to serve as a protective barrier that interacts with a sometimeshostile environment.

The skin can be breached when a child skins a knee or an adult. As such, it creates a barrier between the body and the external environment and protects the body against excessive. Functions of the skin temperature regulation sweat glands vasodilation and vasoconstriction cutaneous sensation meissners corpuscles pacinian corpuscles root hair plexuses pain and heatcold receptors metabolic functions vitamin d synthesis blood reservoir shunts more blood into the circulation when needed. The skin surface is not smooth, but is laced with multiple net works of fine grooves called sulci cutis. Nonhairy glabrousa skin type on the palms and soles, it has thicker epidermis and lacks hair follicles.

Describe the histological structure of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Ageing and illness take their toll, while wounds, burns and skin diseases, including cancer, can damage this organ. The decline of the skin function the epidermis decreases the proliferation of basal cells and becomes thin as aging progresses. Protection and repair which is provided mainly by keratinocytes while uv protection is offered by melanocytes. The dermis also contains collagen and elastic tissue, which function to keep the skin firm and strong. Pdf on jan 1, 2006, monteiroriviere na published structure and function of skin find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.

Its everchanging, and it contains many specialized cells and structures. Summary skin layer mechanics the human skin is composed of several layers, each with an unique structure and function. Besides providing a layer of protection from pathogens, physical abrasions, and radiation from the sun, the skin serves many functions. Structure and functions of the skin see online here the skin forms part of the bodys integumentary system. The skin is mainly mesodermal in its embryonic derivation. Oct 04, 2020 pdf on jan 1, 2006, monteiroriviere na published structure and function of skin find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The subcutaneous layer protects the deeper body organs. This video explains the different functions of skinsupport us. The skin and accessory structures perform a variety of essential functions, such as protecting the body from invasion by microorganisms, chemicals, and other environmental factors. In areas of the body exposed to greater friction, like the fingertips, palms and soles of the feet the epidermis has five strata or layers.

The skin is far more than just the outer covering of human beings. Human skin is similar to most of the other mammals skin, and it is very similar to pig skin. This article, the first in a twopart series on the skin, looks at its structure and function. It provides a barrier between your vital, lifesustaining organs and the influence of outside elements that could potentially damage them.

May 01, 2020 the skin is the largest organ, and also one that is in plain sight. Prevents loss of essential body fluids, and penetration of toxic substances. Specialized skin cells and structures are formed from 36 months of gestation. Describe the normal and pathological colors that the skin can have, and explain their causes. The skin, like most organs, is vital to overall health and it carries out many functions that help us and protect our health. Major organs and their functions skin also called the integumentary system, the skin is the bodys first line of defense white blood cells recognize disease agents antigens and create antibodies to tag and remove these antigens phagocytes are the white blood. This article will detail the functions of the skin, giving you a clear understanding of the vital role the skin plays in everyday life.

Skin functions as a physical barrier against foreign agents chapter 19 and also participates in thermoregulation. The skin is the largest organ, and its one of the most complicated. All are important in the skin s key functions, including protection, thermoregulation and its sensory roles. Glycative stress and skin aging most important role to sustain the organism. Identify the functions of various anatomical structures within the skin.

This article, the second in a twopart series, looks at the structure and function of the main accessory structures of the skin. Other functions include insulation, temperature regulation and sensation. Protection skin protects underlying tissue from mechanical, chemical, and thermal injury keratin waterproofs the cells, preventing fluid loss and gain through the skin 4. Sebum or oil from the sebaceous glands is slightly acidic, retarding. The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal tissue and guards the underlying muscles, bones, ligaments and internal organs. Pdf on jan 1, 2006, monteiroriviere na published structure and. The skin has very important vital functions for keeping the physiological and biochemical conditions of the body in its optimum state. For example, rnase 7, a member of the rnase a superfamily, is secreted by human skin and serves as a potent antipathogen defence. Chapter 06 lecture outline palm beach state college. In these secreted rnases, the enzymatic rnase activity may not even be necessary for its new, exapted function. Describe the classification of burns and the types of skin grafts. Skin pigments three pigments are responsible for skin color melanin, carotene, hemoglobin melanin located mostly in epidermis number of melanocytes are about the same in all races difference in skin color is due to the amount of pigment that melanocytes produce and disperse to keratinocytes.

What exactly is happening when sweat cools you off. The structure and function of skin jama dermatology jama. Lymph bathes skin cells, removes toxins and cellular waste, and has immune functions. We look at the important functions of the skin and help you identify when your skin might need a little help from you. It is also the largest organ of the human body, providing around 10% of the body mass of. Understanding the physiology and function of skin will give useful insights into a patients state of health. Knowledge about the mechanical behavior of these skin layers is important for. For any form of armor, a breach in the protective barrier poses a danger. Its our first line of protection against the outside environment, it houses one of our five senses, it absorbs sunlight for vitamin d and heat, and regulates our internal temperature. It protects the body from friction and impact wounds with its. Gentle stroking of the skin with a blunt object can result in white line re. The decline of firmness and elasticity denatured collagen or elastin in the dermis due to glycation forms a protein crosslinking disorder. The structure and function of skin jama dermatology.